How was the practice of medicine in ancient Sumer?
The practice of medicine in ancient Sumer, a civilization that thrived around 4,000 years ago, was based on the medical knowledge and beliefs held by the Sumerians, who attributed illnesses to supernatural causes, primarily demons, and gods.
The Sumerians viewed the human body as a microcosm of the universe, and the study of various organs was important for diagnosing diseases. Medical practitioners in Sumer included both male and female healers, known as ashipu and asu respectively.
They employed a combination of physical treatments, such as massages and bandages, along with spiritual rituals and incantations. Magical spells and prayers were used to ward off evil spirits and bring about healing. The Sumerian pharmacopeia involved the use of natural substances like herbs, minerals, and animal products.
Clay tablets containing detailed prescriptions and remedies have been discovered, shedding light on the Sumerians’ medicinal practices. Medicine in Sumerian culture was characterized by a unique blend of supernatural beliefs, practical treatments, and pharmacological knowledge.
Hammurabi’s Code of Laws had the first documented laws pertaining to medical malpractice. If a physician kills a patient or damages his eye his hand should be cut off.
FURTHER READING AND SUGGESTED VIDEOS:
Jastrow M. The Medicine of the Babylonians and Assyrians Proc R Soc Med. 1914;
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